سيار | Nasr ibn Sayyar

سيار. Nasr ibn Sayyar

He apparently failed to subdue al-Shash, for he was forced to content himself with an agreement with the ruler of Shash, whereby Ibn Surayj was evicted to , where the latter was left unmolested to continue his opposition to the Umayyads	The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume VII: Mif—Naz
In 746 Nasr was driven from his capital by Ibn Surayj and , but returned after the latter fell out among themselves, resulting in Ibn Surayj's death	On 13 July 744, Nasr captured and imprisoned al-Kirmani

He apparently failed to subdue al-Shash, for he was forced to content himself with an agreement with the ruler of Shash, whereby Ibn Surayj was evicted to , where the latter was left unmolested to continue his opposition to the Umayyads

The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume VII: Mif—Naz

In 746 Nasr was driven from his capital by Ibn Surayj and , but returned after the latter fell out among themselves, resulting in Ibn Surayj's death

On 13 July 744, Nasr captured and imprisoned al-Kirmani

Nasr ibn Sayyar

Other modern scholars however consider the effect of this belated reform on the prevailing anti-Umayyad climate as minimal.

Nasr ibn Sayyar: At any rate, the sources agree that al-Kirmani stood at the time as the most prominent man in Khurasan and should have been the clear choice for governor
Sayyar Jamil: Nasr was now forced to abandon Qumis and flee towards
Nasr ibn Sayyar: This reform is traditionally held to have assisted in regaining the loyalty of the local populations and their princes, who returned quickly to the Arab fold

Eventually, and certainly by the beginning of the Umayyad period, this system progressed to the formation of ever-larger super-groupings, culminating in the : the northern Arab Mudaris or , and the southern Arabs or "Yemenis" Yaman , dominated by the Azd and tribes	The Khurasani tax system had been established at the time of the Muslim conquest and remained unchanged since
Eventually however the rebels were defeated by , with Ibn Surayj fleeing across the Oxus to the Türgesh	There he faced the rebellion of the local Khurasani troops under , who called for reforms in taxation and the ending of discrimination towards the native converts

Eventually, and certainly by the beginning of the Umayyad period, this system progressed to the formation of ever-larger super-groupings, culminating in the : the northern Arab Mudaris or , and the southern Arabs or "Yemenis" Yaman , dominated by the Azd and tribes

The Khurasani tax system had been established at the time of the Muslim conquest and remained unchanged since

Eventually however the rebels were defeated by , with Ibn Surayj fleeing across the Oxus to the Türgesh

There he faced the rebellion of the local Khurasani troops under , who called for reforms in taxation and the ending of discrimination towards the native converts

Sayyar Jamil

Nasr tried to secure his own position by deposing al-Kirmani from his leadership of the Azd, as well as by trying to win over Azd and Rabi'ah leaders.

Nasr ibn Sayyar: Nasr delayed his departure, stalling for time, and was saved by the murder of Walid in April 744
Sayyar Jamil
Sayyar Jamil: This led to resentment towards his person among the Yemenis, especially from those around Balkh; and during the governorship of the Yemeni , along with other Mudari leaders, Nasr fell into disfavour and was mistreated

Negotiations commenced, but were almost broken off when a member of Nasr's entourage, an embittered son of Ibn Surayj, attacked and killed al-Kirmani	Indeed, Nasr's rule throughout his tenure was not fully accepted by many Arab tribesmen: aside from the Yemenis, who favoured their "own" candidate al-Kirmani and resented the shift in power back towards the Mudaris, the Qays around refused to support him, and even the Syrian contingent sided with his opponents
As a result, the Mudari tribes, hitherto reserved towards Nasr, now came over to him	Nasr's position was severely undermined, and the Yemeni faction now hoped to see their leader Juday al-Kirmani appointed governor in his stead

Negotiations commenced, but were almost broken off when a member of Nasr's entourage, an embittered son of Ibn Surayj, attacked and killed al-Kirmani

Indeed, Nasr's rule throughout his tenure was not fully accepted by many Arab tribesmen: aside from the Yemenis, who favoured their "own" candidate al-Kirmani and resented the shift in power back towards the Mudaris, the Qays around refused to support him, and even the Syrian contingent sided with his opponents

As a result, the Mudari tribes, hitherto reserved towards Nasr, now came over to him

Nasr's position was severely undermined, and the Yemeni faction now hoped to see their leader Juday al-Kirmani appointed governor in his stead

Nasr ibn Sayyar

The principality of submitted peacefully, but when the Muslim army reached the , it was confronted by a 15,000-strong force from Shash along with Ibn Surayj's men and some Türgesh; according to Arab tradition, the latter were led by Suluk's murderer and successor,.

Nasr ibn Sayyar: Al-Kirmani then destroyed the Tamimi quarters in the city, a shocking act, as dwellings were traditionally considered exempt from warfare in Arab culture
Sayyar Jamil: Consequently, Nasr streamlined the tax system in 739, implementing a blanket imposition the on all owners of agricultural land and forcing the non-Muslims to pay an additional the
Nasr ibn Sayyar: Jerusalem: Graph Press Ltd